ABSTRACT
Context: Accurate working length (WL) determination is essential for successful root canal therapy. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the difference between two different techniques in locating minor constriction using fifth-generation electronic apex locator. Settings and Design: A detailed protocol explaining the procedures of the study was submitted to the institutional ethics committee. Subjects and Methods: Forty extracted human permanent canine teeth were selected. WL was measured three times for each sample by three different examiners for both the conventional and experimental techniques at different time intervals. Interexaminers were blinded to their measurements, and the person who analyzed mean value was also blinded with techniques. Finally, radiographic working length was obtained using 15 size K-file. A size 20 K-file was cemented into the measured position with glass ionomer cement. Each tooth was viewed under a stereomicroscope at ×40 magnification. The distance from the file tip to the root apex was measured and calibrated to the nearest tenth of a millimeter. Statistical Analysis Used: Using Stata statistical software (Version 17, Statacorp, College Station, Texas, USA). The agreement between raters and techniques was determined using intraclass correlation coefficient "ICC" and Bland-Altman plot. Results: The "experimental method" (0.95, 95%) showed better agreement between the raters in comparison with the "conventional method" (0.93, 95%). Conclusions: The experimental technique showed perfect agreement between examiners in locating the minor constriction of the apical foramen.
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Context: Safe and efficient removal of all root filling materials from the root canal system without compromising radicular dentin structure is essential for optimal nonsurgical retreatment. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the incidence of dentinal defects caused during root canal filling removal using conventional, rotary, and reciprocating retreatment file systems. Settings and Design: A detailed protocol explaining purpose and procedures of the study was submitted to the Institutional Ethics Committee and ethical clearance obtained. Subjects and Methods: Sixty human maxillary permanent central incisors were collected and decoronated to 12-mm standardized length. The canals prepared up to a master apical file size F3 with Protaper hand files, obturated using AH plus sealer, examined under the stereomicroscope (×40 magnification): Group I: Control (n = 15), Group II: Conventional (n = 15), Group III: Protaper Universal Retreatment Files (n = 15), and Group IV: Reciproc Blue (n = 15). After instrumentation, teeth were sectioned at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex to evaluate the presence of dentinal defects under the stereomicroscope. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistics were performed using the SPSS, version, 25 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Initially, normality test was done using the Shapiro-Wilk test and data were not normally distributed followed by Kruskal-Wallis test. P < 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Results: Maximum percentage increase in dentinal defects was observed in Protaper Universal Retreatment Files followed by Conventional method and Reciproc Blue. Conclusions: Significantly Reciproc Blue reduced the incidence of dentinal defects after root canal preparation.
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BACKGROUND: Nowadays, emergence of drug resistance might happen in the world. Hence, invention of new dental material had started by researchers for the same. The present study evaluated the antimicrobial property of green synthesized nanosilver particles against dental cariogenic microorganisms such as Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An in vitro study had been designed to meet the objectives. Galla Chinensis ellagic acid powder synthesized nanosilver particles (GCAgNPs) synthesized nanosilver particles were used in this study. The cariogenic bacteria S. mutans (ATCC 25175) and L. acidophilus (ATCC 4356) were used in this study. The antimicrobial activity was detected at different concentrations (1000 µg/ml, 500 µg/ml, 250 µg/ml, 125 µg/ml, and 62.5 µg/ml) by means of qualitative and quantitative methods. RESULTS: The results show a statistically significant difference between all the concentration (1000 µg/ml, 500 µg/ml, 250 µg/ml, 125 µg/ml, 62.5 µg/ml) in Galla Chinensis synthesized silver nanoparticles (GCAgNPs) in S. mutans and L. acdiophilus. Intergroup comparison of GCAgNPs shows a statistically significant difference among all the concentrations against S. mutans and L. acidophilus. CONCLUSION: GCAgNPs show antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against S. mutans and L. acidophilus microorganisms.
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INTRODUCTION: The purpose this study was to evaluate the inhibitory efficacy of liquorice at various concentrations against Enterococcus faecalis and their biofilms at time-dependent variables in 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 120 h, and 168 h. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The antienterococcal activity of liquorice and calcium hydroxide was detected employing concentration ranging from 1-4 g and interpreted based on the zone of inhibition. The ability of liquorice to inhibit E. faecalis biofilms during the stages of growth kinetics on microtiter plate was assessed, and the biofilm architecture was evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). RESULTS: Statistically significant antienterococcal was observed at 3 and 4 g of liquorice against 24 and 48 h on microtiter plates. This observation was also complimented by SEM studies of biofilm architecture cultivated in root canals. CONCLUSIONS: E. faecalis biofilms at 24 h and 48 h were highly susceptible to liquorice at concentration of 3 and 4 g.
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PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study was to evaluate the difference in the color of microhybrid (MH) and nanofilled (NF) composite resins after 24 and 48 h in beverages such as red wine (RW), Coca-Cola, and distilled water. The specific objective of this study was to investigate the cumulative effect of the colorant solutions on the dental composites. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MH and NF composite resins (A2 shade) were used in this current study. Sixty disk-shaped material specimens (10 mm in diameter × 2 mm in thickness) were prepared using a fiber mold (ring), with the desired dimensions. The specimen surfaces were polished using super-snap polishing system. Sixty specimens were divided into two groups of 30 each (Group I: MH resin composite; Group II: NF resin composite). Both the groups divided into six subgroups (Subgroup I: RW for 24 h [RW-24]; Subgroup II: RW for 48 h; Subgroup III: Coca-Cola for 24 h [CC-24]; Subgroup IV: Coca-Cola for 48 h [CC-48]; Subgroup V: Distilled water for 24 h [DW-24]; Subgroup VI: Distilled water for 48 h [DW-48]). All the samples were immersed in respective drinks for a period of 24 h, and color differences were measured using ultraviolet spectrophotometer. Once again, all the samples were immersed for another 24 h in the same drinks. After 48 h, the color change of the samples was measured. Measurements were made according to the CIE L × a × b × color space relative to the CIE standard illuminant D65. The color changes of the specimens were evaluated using the following formula: Statistical analysis was performed. The data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA and t-test at a significance level of 0.05. CONCLUSION: Color stability of MH composite resin was found to be inferior than the NF resin composite irrespective of immersion medium and time. In RW, the color change observed was maximum for both composite resins followed by Coca-Cola. Immersing the resin composites in distilled water for 24 and 48 h had negligible color change. A 48-h immersion of both composite resins in all three immersion mediums showed greater color change than 24 h immersion.
